Chronic liver disease

Chronic liver disease (CLD) is most commonly caused by chronic alcohol abuse (alcohol-related liver disease or ARLD), metabolic disorders (metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease or MASLD), and viral hepatitis infections. Chronic liver disease tends to follow an escalating pathological progression, which includes hepatic steatosis (also known as fatty liver), steatosis-dependent or steatosis-independent inflammation (hepatitis), fibrosis (excessive deposition of extracellular matrix) and cirrhosis (scarring of the liver tissue) (Chowdhury AB et al. (2023)). The early stages of CLD are often asymptomatic and can take years to develop into clinical manifestations, meaning that many patients do not seek attention until they reach end-stage liver disease cirrhosis. At this point, the liver’s function is impaired due to scar tissue build up in this organ, and the patient may develop hepatocellular carcinoma (Ginès P et al. (2022); Heyens LJM et al. (2021)). Together, cirrhosis and liver cancer account for 3.5% of all deaths globally, being the 11th and 16th most common leading causes of death, respectively (Asrani SK et al. (2019)).

Differential abundance analysis

This section presents the disease-specific results of the differential abundance analyses. The analyses are reported for three comparisons: 1) disease vs. all other diseases, 2) disease vs. diseases from the same class, and 3) disease vs. healthy samples.

Disease vs All other
Disease vs Class
Disease vs Healthy